Synergic Action of Systemic Risedronate and Local Rutherpy in Peri-implantar Repair of Ovariectomized Rats: Biomechanical and Molecular Analysis.

Postmenopausal osteoporosis and poor dietary habits can lead to overweightness and obesity. Bisphosphonates are the first-line treatment for osteoporosis. However, some studies show that they may increase the risk of osteonecrosis of the jaw. Considering the antimicrobial, angiogenic and vasodilatory potential of nitric oxide, this study aims to evaluate the local activity of this substance during the placement of surface-treated implants. Seventy-two Wistar rats were divided into three groups: SHAM (SHAM surgery), OVX + HD (ovariectomy + cafeteria diet), and OVX + HD + RIS (ovariectomy + cafeteria diet + sodium risedronate treatment), which were further subdivided according to the surface treatment of the future implant: CONV (conventional), TE10, or TE100 (TERPY at 10 or 100 µM concentration); n = 8 per subgroup. The animals underwent surgery for implant installation in the proximal tibia metaphysis and were euthanized after 28 days. Data obtained from removal torque and RT-PCR (OPG, RANKL, ALP, IBSP and VEGF expression) were subjected to statistical analysis at 5% significance level. For biomechanical analysis, TE10 produced better results in the OVX + HD group (7.4 N/cm, SD = 0.6819). Molecular analysis showed: (1) significant increase in OPG gene expression in OVX groups with TE10; (2) decreased RANKL expression in OVX + HD + RIS compared to OVX + HD; (3) significantly increased expressions of IBSP and VEGF for OVX + HD + RIS TE10. At its lowest concentration, TERPY has the potential to improve peri-implant conditions.

Caracterização do tecido ósseo peri-implantar frente ao uso do óxido nítrico para funcionalização da superfície de implantes instalados na maxila de ratas induzidas à deficiência de estrógeno e síndrome metabólica tratadas com risedronato de sódio / Characterization of peri-implant bone tissue against the use of nitric oxide for surface functionalization of implants installed in the maxilla of rats induced to estrogen deficiency and metabolic syndrome treated with risedronate sodium

Objetivo: caracterizar o processo de reparo ósseo peri-implantar em maxilas de ratas ovariectomizadas com síndrome metabólica induzida por dieta de cafeteria, tratadas com risedronato e instalação de implantes funcionalizados com [Ru(terpy)(bdq)NO]3+ (TERPY). Materiais e métodos: os testes in vitro realizados na Fase 1 avaliou as propriedades biológicas e físico-químicas da melhor concentração da TERPY frente às respostas osteogênicas, para a funcionalização dos implantes pela técnica de LbL. A realização de experimentos in vivo na Fase 2 avaliou o efeito da superfície funcionalizada durante o reparo ósseo peri-implantar. Para isso, 48 ratas Wistar foram divididas em: SHAM CONV (n=8), OVX SM CONV (n=8), OVX SM RIS CONV (n=8), SHAM TERPY (n=8), OVX SM TERPY (n=8) e OVX SM RIS TERPY (n=8). Em t=0, as ratas foram submetidas à cirurgia fictícia (SHAM) e à cirurgia de ovariectomia bilateral (OVX); após a recuperação da cirurgia, os animais receberam a dieta de cafeteria (SM). Passados 30 dias (t=30), o tratamento medicamentoso com risedronato de sódio (0,7 mg/kg/semana) (RIS) ou solução salina (0,3 ml), via gavagem, foi iniciado e realizado até o momento da eutanásia. Sessenta dias após o início do tratamento medicamentoso (t=90), a cirurgia de exodontia do primeiro molar superior foi realizada junto à instalação imediata dos implantes de forma bilateral (CONV ou TERPY). Quatorze dias após a cirurgia de instalação dos implantes (t=104), todos os grupos experimentais receberam a injeção intramuscular do fluorocromo calceína (20 mg/kg) e após 10 dias (t=114), do fluorocromo vermelho de alizarina (25 mg/kg). Aos 28 dias pós-operatórios (dia da eutanásia, t=118), os animais foram anestesiados e, nas maxilas do lado direito, os implantes foram submetidos ao torque reverso e imediatamente após a remoção dos implantes, foi realizada a coleta do tecido ósseo para análise de PCR tempo real para avaliação da expressão relativa de ALP, iBSP, OCN, OPG, RANKL, TRAP e VEGF, seguido da eutanásia dos animais; as maxilas do lado esquerdo foram coletadas para a análise de Micro-CT (BV/TV, Tb.Th, Tb.N, Tb.Sp e i.S) e, após o escaneamento, as mesmas passaram pelo processamento para análise da dinâmica óssea por fluorocromos (MAR e ELCOI). Os dados foram submetidos à análise estatística, com o nível de significância de 5% (p<0,05). Resultados: Fase 1: poucas diferenças foram observadas entre as duas concentrações avaliadas e assim, a menor concentração do fármaco foi selecionada (10µM). Fase 2: os implantes funcionalizados com a TERPY apresentaram os maiores valores absolutos de torque de remoção para todos os grupos e com diferença estatística para OVX SM TERPY (p=0,0402). A associação sistêmica entre o risedronato e a TERPY em ratas ovariectomizadas (OVX SM RIS TERPY) demonstrou expressão aumentada para iBSP e equilíbrio entre OPG e RANKL, corroborando com os dados obtidos para MAR (p=0,0052) e com os parâmetros de BV/TV, Tb.Th e i.S da análise microtomográfica para esse mesmo grupo. Conclusão: o desempenho clínico dos implantes funcionalizados com TERPY foi favorável, e, quando associado à administração sistêmica de risedronato de sódio, os resultados se tornam mais promissores(AU)

Objective: characterize the peri-implant bone tissue repair process in maxilla of ovariectomized rats with metabolic syndrome induced by cafeteria diet, treated with risedronate and through placement the implants functionalized with [Ru(terpy)(bdq)NO]3+ (TERY). Materials and methods: in vitro tests performed in Phase 1 evaluated the biological and physicochemical properties of the better concentration of TERPY against osteogenic responses, for the functionalization of implants using the LbL technique. In vivo experiments in Phase 2 evaluated the effect of functionalized surface during peri-implant bone repair. For this, 48 female rats were divided: SHAM CONV (n=8), OVX SM CONV (n=8), OVX SM RIS CONV (n=8), SHAM TERPY (n=8), OVX SM TERPY (n=8) and OVX SM RIS TERPY (n=8). At t=0, the rats underwent unreal surgery (SHAM) and bilateral ovariectomy surgery (OVX); after recovery from surgery, animals received cafeteria diet (SM). After 30 days (t=30), drug treatment with risedronate sodium (0.7 mg/kg/week) (RIS) or saline solution (0.3 ml), via gavage, was started and sustained out until the time of euthanasia. Sixty days after the start of drug treatment (t=90), the maxillary first molar extraction surgery was performed followed by the immediate installation of the implants bilaterally (CONV or TERPY). Fourteen days after implant placement surgery (t=104), all experimental groups received intramuscular injection of the fluorochrome calcein (20 mg/kg) and after 10 days (t=114), the red fluorochrome alizarin (25 mg/kg). After 28 postoperative days (day of euthanasia, t=118), the animals were anesthetized and, in the maxillary on the right side, the implants were subjected to reverse torque and immediately after removal of the implants, bone tissue was collected for real-time PCR analysis to measure the relative expression of ALP, iBSP, OCN, OPG, RANKL, TRAP e VEGF, followed by euthanasia of animals; the left side maxillary were collected for Micro-CT analysis (BV/TV, Tb.Th, Tb.N, Tb.Sp e i.S) and, after scanning, they underwent processing for analysis of bone dynamics by fluorochromes (MAR and ELCOI). Data values were subjected to statistical analysis, with a significance level of 5% (p<0.05). Results: Phase 1: few differences were observed between the two concentrations evaluated and thus, the lowest drug concentration was selected (10µM). Phase 2: the implants functionalized with TERPY presented the highest absolute values of removal torque for all groups and with statistical difference for OVX SM TERPY (p=0.0402). The systemic association between risedronate and TERPY in ovariectomized rats (OVX SM RIS TERPY) showed increased expression for iBSP and balance between OPG and RANKL, corroborating the data obtained for MAR (p=0.0052) and with the parameters BV/TV, Tb.Th and i.S of the microtomographic analysis for this same group. Conclusion: the clinical performance of implants functionalized with TERPY was favorable, and when associated with the systemic administration of risedronate sodium, the results become more promising(AU)

Daily melatonin administration improves osseointegration in pinealectomized rats.

INTRODUCTION: The hypothesis of this study was that the peri-implant bone healing of the group of pinealectomized rats would differ from the control group. The samples were subjected to immunohistochemical, microtomographic (total porosity and connectivity density), and fluorochrome (mineralized surface) analyses. OBJECTIVES: The goal of this study was to investigate the cellular changes and bone remodeling dynamics along the bone/implant interface in pinealectomized rats. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The total of 18 adult male rats (Rattus norvegicus albinus, Wistar) was divided into three groups (n=6): control (CO), pinealectomized without melatonin (PNX) and pinealectomized with melatonin (PNXm). All animals were submitted to the first surgery (pinealectomy), except the CO group. Thirty days after the pinealectomy without melatonin, the second surgery was conducted, in which all animals received an implant in each tibia (36 titanium implants with surface treatment were installed - Implalife® São Paulo, SP, Brazil). By gavage, the rats of the PNX group received the vehicle solution, and the procedure. RESULTS: Immunohistochemical analysis for runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), osteopontin (OP) and osteocalcin (OC) showed that the bone repair process in the PNXm group was similar to that of the CO group, whereas the PNX group showed a delay. The microtomographic parameters of total porosity [Po(tot)] and bone surface (BS) showed no statistically significant differences, whereas for the connective density (Conn.Dn) a statistical difference was found between the CO and PNXm groups. Fluorochrome analysis of the active mineralized surface showed statistically significant difference between the CO and PNX and between the CO and PNXm groups. CONCLUSION: The absence of the pineal gland impaired the bone repair process during osseointegration, however the daily melatonin replacement was able to restore this response.

Comparative Evaluation of Cell Viability Immediately After Osteotomy for Implants With Drills and Piezosurgery: Immunohistochemistry Analysis.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of reusing drills and piezosurgery tips during implant osteotomy on immediate bone cell viability through immunohistochemical analysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Six male rabbits were divided into 2 groups and then divided into 5 subgroups-correspond to drills and tips used 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 times, respectively. All animals received 10 osteotomies in each tibia, by use of the classic drilling procedure in one group (G1) and the piezosurgery device in the other group (G2). For immunohistochemical technique were utilized the osteoprotegerin, RANKL, osteocalcin, and caspase 3. Control procedures were performed by omitting the primary antibodies (negative control). RESULTS: Bone formation and resorption responses presented in more intense way during the piezosurgery. The expression of osteocalcin had become quite intense in piezosurgery groups, but with reduced immunostaining from the 30th osteotomy. The caspase 3 showed the viability of the osteoblast from the 20th osteotomy with piezosurgery and remained constant until the 50th. CONCLUSION: Piezosurgery provides greater osteoblastic cell viability than the system of conventional drilling. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: This study will provide data so that the authors can recycle the drills and tips for implant placement, thus enabling a better cell viability for osseointegration.

Delayed Diagnosis of Gorlin-Goltz Syndrome: The Importance of the Multidisciplinary Approach.

Gorlin-Goltz syndrome (GGS), also known as nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome, is an autosomal dominant inherited disorder with high penetrance and variable expressivity. The classic triad originally described by Gorlin and Goltz in 1960 is composed of multiple nevoid basal cell carcinomas (NBCCs), odontogenic keratocysts (OKCs) in the jaws and bifid ribs. in 1977, this triad was modified by Rayner et al, and to GGS diagnosis, the OKCs had to appear in combination with calcification of the cerebellar falx or palmar and plantar pits. It may occur that although GGS syndrome is a well-known condition, only the specific symptom could be observed by different specialists. Therefore, the patient cannot be placed in an always complex clinical panel. The authors introduce an example in this report. In the present case, the patient had NBCCs, OKCs, and probably other signs of GGS since 1998, and has been treated for this conditions separated, without a diagnosis of a syndromic condition. A 54-year-old white woman was referred to the oral medicine service due to cyst located in the right mandibular body. She had history of skin cancer and undergone surgeries and radiotherapies for the lesions treatment, scars on the skin face due to the lesions removed, and a new ulcerated lesion on the back of was diagnosed. In addition, the patient presented frontal and parietal bossing leading to increased cranial circumference, hypertelorism, strabismus, broad base, and mandibular prognathism. To the image examination, skull radiography revealed calcification of the falx cerebri; on chest X-ray bifid rib was observed and spine radiography showed vertebral osteophytes. Panoramic radiograph showed a well-defined bilocular radiolucent image located in posterior and anterior mandibular region. The whole elements induced us to investigate the patient's past medical history, which revealed that since 1998 had the diagnosis of NBCC and OKC. A multidisciplinary approach becomes necessary for the diagnosis and follow-up of patients with GGS, considering the complexity of the clinical manifestations. Therefore, it is of primary importance for dental surgeons and dermatologists to know the signs and symptoms of GGS to perform early diagnosis and to avoid progression of the oral cysts or metastasis of the skin lesions.

Daily melatonin administration improves osseointegration in pinealectomized rats

Abstract The hypothesis of this study was that the peri-implant bone healing of the group of pinealectomized rats would differ from the control group. The samples were subjected to immunohistochemical, microtomographic (total porosity and connectivity density), and fluorochrome (mineralized surface) analyses. Objectives The goal of this study was to investigate the cellular changes and bone remodeling dynamics along the bone/implant interface in pinealectomized rats. Material and Methods The total of 18 adult male rats (Rattus norvegicus albinus, Wistar) was divided into three groups (n=6): control (CO), pinealectomized without melatonin (PNX) and pinealectomized with melatonin (PNXm). All animals were submitted to the first surgery (pinealectomy), except the CO group. Thirty days after the pinealectomy without melatonin, the second surgery was conducted, in which all animals received an implant in each tibia (36 titanium implants with surface treatment were installed - Implalife® São Paulo, SP, Brazil). By gavage, the rats of the PNX group received the vehicle solution, and the procedure. Results Immunohistochemical analysis for runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), osteopontin (OP) and osteocalcin (OC) showed that the bone repair process in the PNXm group was similar to that of the CO group, whereas the PNX group showed a delay. The microtomographic parameters of total porosity [Po(tot)] and bone surface (BS) showed no statistically significant differences, whereas for the connective density (Conn.Dn) a statistical difference was found between the CO and PNXm groups. Fluorochrome analysis of the active mineralized surface showed statistically significant difference between the CO and PNX and between the CO and PNXm groups. Conclusion The absence of the pineal gland impaired the bone repair process during osseointegration, however the daily melatonin replacement was able to restore this response.

Avaliação do reparo ósseo na interface osso/implante em ratas com deficiência de estrógeno tratadas com fitoestrógeno genisteína: análise microtomográfica, molecular por PCR e imunoistoquímica / Evaluation of bone repair at the bone / implant interface in estrogen deficient rats treated with phytoestrogen genistein: microtomographic, molecular analysis by PCR and immunohistochemistry

O presente projeto teve como proposta avaliar o processo de reparo ósseo na interface osso/implante em ratas submetidas à ovariectomia para a indução da deficiência de estrógeno e tratadas com fitoestrógeno genisteína (1mg/dia) por gavagem. Para isso, 30 ratas (Rattus novergicus albinus, Wistar), com peso médio de 200 gramas foram divididas em 3 grupos conforme a análise a que foram submetidas e o tratamento medicamentoso, sendo 10 ratas para o grupo SHAM SAL = Ratas submetidas à cirurgia fictícia, sem tratamento medicamentoso (gavagem com solução salina 0.9%); 10 ratas para o grupo OVX SAL = Ratas submetidas à ovariectomia bilateral, sem tratamento medicamentoso (gavagem com solução salina 0.9%); 10 ratas para o grupo OVX GEN = Ratas submetidas à ovariectomia bilateral, tratadas com fitoestrógeno genisteína (gavagem com 1mg/dia de genisteína). Foram utilizados 60 implantes, cada animal recebeu 2 implantes, sendo 1 em cada metáfise tibial. A eutanásia dos animais foi realizada após 60 dias da instalação dos implantes, por meio de sobredosagem anestésica. Para os grupo calcificados: nas anális es por microtomografia computadorizada foram utilizadas as tíbias do lado direito de 6 ratas e para a análise da expressão gênica por PCR em tempo real, as 6 tíbias do lado esquerdo das mesmas ratas. Para a análise dos grupos descalcificados: 4 ratas foram submetidas à eutanásia na análise de imunoistoquímica osteoprotegerina ­ (OPG-SC21038), ativador do receptor nuclear kappa B ligante ­ (RANKL-SC 7627), osteocalcina ­ (OC-SC18319) e fosfatase ácida resistente ao ácido tartárico (TRAP-SC30832) e fosfatase alcalina (ALP -SC23430). Todos os dados quantitativos foram submetidos ao teste de homocedasticidade e após a determinação do teste mais adequado, o nível de significância foi estabelecido em 0<0,05. A análise morfométrica do grupo OVX GEN mostrou maior percentual de volume ósseo, menor separação entre as trabéculas e menor porosidade. As análises molecular por PCR e Imunohistoquímica evidenciam uma maior expressão para OPG e RANKL (remodelação óssea), ALP e OC (mineralização) de cada um desses marcadores, o que sugere que a genisteína atua como um modulador seletivo natural dos receptores de estrogenio favorecendo a expressão de proteínas importantes para a modulação da atividade osteoblástica no metabolismo do tecido ósseo. Assim, os resultados deste estudo confirmaram que a terapia com genisteína mostra-se capaz de melhorar a reparação óssea na interface osso / implante sob condições de osteopenia/osteoporose(AU)

The present project had as proposal to evaluate the process of bone repair in the bone / implant interface in rats submitted to ovariectomy for induction of estrogen deficiency and treated with phytoestrogen genistein (1mg / day) by gavage. For this, 30 rats (Rattus novergicus albinus, Wistar), with an average weight of 200 grams were divided into 3 groups according to an analysis and the drug treatment, being 10 rats for the group SHAM SAL = Rats submitted to the fictional surgery , without drug treatment (gavage with 0.9% saline solution); 10 rats for the OVX group SAL = Rats submitted to bilateral ovariectomy without drug treatment (gavage with 0.9% saline solution); 10 rats for the OVX group GEN = Rats subjected to bilateral ovariectomy, treated with phytoestrogen genistein (gavage with 1mg / day of genistein). 60 implants were installed, with 2 implants in each animal. The euthanasia of the animals was performed 60 days after implant's installation, by anesthetic overdose. The calcified groups analysis with computerized microtomography was peformed in right tibiae of 6 rats and the gene expression analysis by PCR was performed in left tíbia of the same animals. For the decalcified analysis through immunolabeling experiments, 4 rats were submited to eutanásia in order to evaluate the presence of Osteoprotegerin (OPG ­ SC21038), activator of nuclear kappa B ligand (RANKL ­ SC7627), Osteocalcin (OC ­ SC 18319), and acid resistant phosphatase tartaric acid (TRAP ­ SC 30832) and alcaline phosphatase (ALP SC 23430). All the quantitative data were submitted to the normality curve to determine the most adequate test. The significance level of p<0.05 was considered for all tests. A morphometric analysis of the OVX GEN group showed higher percentage of bone volume, less separation between trabeculae and lower porosity. As molecular analyzes by PCR and Immunohistochemistry evidenced a greater expression for OPG and RANKL (bone remodeling), ALP and OC (mineralization) of each the markers, which suggests that genistein acts as a natural selective modulator of estrogen receptors favoring expression of proteins important for a modulation of osteoblastic activity in the metabolism of bone tissue. Thus, the results of this study confirm that genistein therapy is shown to improve bone repair at the bone / implant interface under conditions of osteopenia / osteoporosis(AU)

Diagnosis and Management of Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak in a Panfacial Fracture.

Cerebrospinal fluid fistula caused by head trauma is a potentially dangerous problem and precise localization and radical treatment are necessary. We present a case of a patient with Panfacial fracture caused by a motorcycle accident, resulting in a cerebrospinal fluid leakage. The correct diagnosis was realized by computed tomography and auxiliary tests. The successful treatment can be confirmed with the support of radionuclide cisternography examination.

Considerações pré-protéticas no fechamento cirúrgico imediato de comunicações bucosinusais por retalho de corpo adiposo bucal e retalho vestibular: relato de caso / Pré prosthetic considerations in imediate surgical closure of oroantral communications by buccal fat pad and buccal flap: case report

O tratamento das comunicações bucosinusais (CBS) pode ser realizado por diferentes técnicas cirúrgicas. Com incidência de 5% em extrações de molares superiores, dificilmente encontraremos em um mesmo paciente duas comunicações bucosinusais tratadas por técnicas distintas, devido a baixa incidência e preferência do cirurgião dentista por determinada técnica. O objetivo do presente trabalho é relatar e comparar clinicamente o resultado do fechamento imediato de duas CBS por técnicas distintas em um mesmo paciente considerando a manutenção do fundo de vestíbulo bucal, com posterior necessidade de próteses totais. As técnicas do retalho bucal vestibular e retalho de corpo adiposo bucal aplicadas no caso foram revisadas. Concluímos que a técnica do retalho vestibular, apesar de muito utilizada, apresenta desvantagem em uma posterior reabilitação protética quando comparada com a técnica do corpo adiposo bucal, sendo necessária uma cirurgia pré-protética para aumento do fundo de vestíbulo

The surgical treatment of oroantral communications (OACs) has different techniques and surgical options when indicated. With an incidence of 5 % in maxillary molar extractions, it is difficult to find two oroantral communications treated by differents techniques in the same patient, because of the low incidence of oroantral communications and surgeon’s preference. The aim of the present study is to report and compare two differents techniques for the treatment of OACs in the same patient that required further prosthetic treatment. The buccal flap and pedicled buccal fat pad flap techniques are discussed. We concluded that the buccal flap, despite more commonly performed, have disadvantages in the prosthetic rehabilitation with denture when compared with the buccal fat pad flap, and required a preprosthetic surgery

Hiperplasia fibrosa inflamatória ocasionada por prótese total desadaptada: relato de caso / Denture-related hyperplasia: case report

Um dos procedimentos mais importantes antes da realização de uma prótese total é a realização de uma avaliação clínica e radiográfica da cavidade bucal. Frequentemente encontram-se lesões de mucosa oral relacionada ao uso de prótese total que contraindicam a confecção das novas próteses, até a remissão completa da lesão. Desta forma, o intuito deste trabalho foi relatar um caso clínico de hiperplasia fibrosa inflamatória (HFI) ocasionada pelo uso de prótese total mal adaptada.Uma paciente leucoderma, com 59 anos de idade, compareceu a clínica odontológica com queixa de que a “prótese estava incomodando”. Clinicamente observou-se vegetação em fundo de fórnix superior e bilateral, de cor rósea, base séssil, superfície lisa e brilhante, consistência fibrosa, aproximadamente 2,0 cm e mucosa adjacente íntegra. O diagnóstico clinicoestabelecido foi de hiperplasia fibrosa inflamatória de fórnix, a conduta foi inicialmente o desgaste da prótese na região acometida, bem como o aconselhamento a dormir sem a mesma. Após 14 dias realizou-se biópsia excisional que confirmou o diagnóstico clínico. O pós-operatório do paciente mostrou ausência de lesão. O paciente foi encaminhado para a clínica de Prótese Total para a realização de uma nova prótese. Por fim, A HFI deve ser removida antes da realização da prótese total. Além disso, um exame intra-oral detalhado deve ser realizado, com a finalidade de identificar lesões bucais que podem interferir na reabilitação

One of the most important procedures before fabrication of a complete dentureis the realization of clinical and radiographic evaluation of the oral cavity. Oral lesions related by use of ill-fitting denture are often found, in which they contraindicate the fabrication of a new denture. Therefore, the aim of this study was to report a case of inflammatory fibrous hyperplasia. A leucoderma patient, 59 year-old, looked for the dental clinic complaining about “prosthesis was bothering”. Clinically, it observed bilaterally hyperplasia around superiorflanges, with pink color, sessile base, smooth and shiny surface, fibrous consistency, with approximately 2.0 cm, and intact adjacent mucosa.The clinical diagnosis was inflammatory fibrous hyperplasia. The initial clinical procedure was the wear of the prosthesis in the affected region and advice about sleeping without it. After 14 days, it was performed excisional biopsy, which it confirmed the clinical diagnosis. The postoperative of the patient showed absence of lesion. The patient was referred to the clinic Complete Denture for the fabrication of a new prosthesis. In conclusion, the HFI must be removed before the fabrication of the complete denture. Furthermore, a detailed intra-oral examination must be performed in order to identify oral lesions which can interfere to rehabilitation

Evaluation of the diffusion capacity of calcium hydroxide pastes through the dentinal tubules.

This study aimed to evaluate the diffusion capacity of calcium hydroxide pastes with different vehicles through dentinal tubules. The study was conducted on 60 extracted single-rooted human teeth whose crowns had been removed. The root canals were instrumented and divided into 4 groups according to the vehicle of the calcium hydroxide paste: Group I - distilled water; Group II - propylene glycol; Group III - 0.2% chlorhexidine; Group IV - 2% chlorhexidine. After placement of the root canal dressings, the teeth were sealed and placed in flasks containing deionized water. After 1, 2, 7, 15, 30, 45 and 60 days, the pH of the water was measured to determine the diffusion of calcium hydroxide through the dentinal tubules. The data were recorded and statistically compared by the Tukey test. The results showed that all pastes presented a similar diffusion capacity through dentin. Group IV did not present difference compared to group I. Group II presented difference compared to the other groups, as did Group III. In conclusion, groups I and IV presented a better diffusion capacity through dentin than groups II and III; 2% chlorhexidine can be used as a vehicle in calcium hydroxide pastes.

Evaluation of the diffusion capacity of calcium hydroxide pastes through the dentinal tubules

This study aimed to evaluate the diffusion capacity of calcium hydroxide pastes with different vehicles through dentinal tubules. The study was conducted on 60 extracted single-rooted human teeth whose crowns had been removed. The root canals were instrumented and divided into 4 groups according to the vehicle of the calcium hydroxide paste: Group I - distilled water; Group II - propylene glycol; Group III - 0.2 percent chlorhexidine; Group IV - 2 percent chlorhexidine. After placement of the root canal dressings, the teeth were sealed and placed in flasks containing deionized water. After 1, 2, 7, 15, 30, 45 and 60 days, the pH of the water was measured to determine the diffusion of calcium hydroxide through the dentinal tubules. The data were recorded and statistically compared by the Tukey test. The results showed that all pastes presented a similar diffusion capacity through dentin. Group IV did not present difference compared to group I. Group II presented difference compared to the other groups, as did Group III. In conclusion, groups I and IV presented a better diffusion capacity through dentin than groups II and III; 2 percent chlorhexidine can be used as a vehicle in calcium hydroxide pastes.